Aaron Temkin Beck, M. The three parts are the id which is pleasure, too much of everything and instance gratification. Counseling generally refers to the provision of assistance or guidance that eventually helps solve personal, social or mental problems. On the other hand, qualitative methods involve conducting, translating, counselling theory essay, and coding therapy sessions. Show More.
Introduction
Counseling generally refers to the provision of assistance or guidance that eventually helps solve personal, social or mental problems. A professional individual normally administers it. It normally takes a number of forms including individual counseling, group counseling, and couples counseling. Those partners who generally want to improve their intimate relationship normally use couple counseling, on the other hand. Counseling may be beneficial in a number of ways. It can make one have a better understanding of things that help in getting new skills to manage themselves better. Through the help of the counselor, individual can respond to problems in different perspective.
There are important aspects of counseling that make its usage effective. One of these aspects is confidentiality; his means that a counselor is by ethics required to treat all the information that a client shares as confidential material Skinner, Another important aspect is the counseling process; this depends on the individual counselling theory essay and client and the urgency of the issue in question. However, the general process to be followed include: collecting of background information, counselling theory essay, identifying key issues, case development, setting goals for therapy, implementation of intervention counselling theory essay evaluation.
Theories of counseling vary and mostly depend on the views of different writers. The ones reviewed include client centered, holistic health, learned optimism, cognitive behavioral, solution focused and existential, counselling theory essay. In client centered counseling, the client is motivated to discover things counselling theory essay develop as a result of the guidance and climate counselling theory essay the counselor provides. In this type of counseling, the common features include active listening, acceptance, truthfulness and empathy. Holistic counselling theory essay, on the other hand, stresses the importance of physical well being, counselling theory essay, emotional, social, vocational and spiritual needs.
If these are ignored then an individuals will easily succumb to stress, which can affect their well-being. There is a type of counseling practice that allows for interaction between the client and the counselor. This method allows them to discuss the success that occurred in the past and those occurring in the present. This form of counseling is referred to as learned optimism counseling. This also allows them to address the problems that should be anticipated in the present and the future. It involves having a positive mind and normally directs individual on focusing how things can turn out to be.
Cognitive behavioral therapy also referred to as the ABC method, can be described as any form of therapy that is based on the belief in ones thought and that normally is directly connected to the way one feels. The individual then beliefs in the ideas. This normally leads to different consequences concerning the outcome of the event. Thus, this form of therapy counselling theory essay clients identify distorted thinking that causes emotional problem and help solve them. Solution focused therapy normally focuses on the outcomes, this is to mean counselling theory essay the primary goal is focused towards achieving what the client wants through use of therapy rather than the cause that made them seek therapy.
This kind of approach focuses on the present and future, and the client is normally advised to focus on the future and how it has changed. The existential approach is simply based on the presence of individual in a therapy session and the reason as to why they are there in the first place. Counseling and psychology are interrelated; the use of psychological principles to overcome different problems is facilitated through counseling. Therefore, counseling psychology is a specialty that brings together research and applied work to achieve broad areas. These areas include the counseling process and its outcome, supervision and training, counselling theory essay, development of career, prevention and health issues, counselling theory essay.
Some unique features of counseling psychology include the focus on people, environment interaction and impact personalities. Psychologists get to the answers to the behaviors of people through counseling. Psychologist are normally interested in finding answers through counseling process and outcomes, in which counselling theory essay the process they get to ask questions and the outcome will determine whether the process was effective and successful. In this process, the psychologist uses certain techniques. These include client variables and cultural variables. Therapist variables and mechanism of change are also included.
Therapist variables include the traits of a counselor, theoretical orientation and behavior, counselling theory essay. Research on effectiveness of therapy models has found that following particular models of therapy can be helpful or have a positive impact George, counselling theory essay, Client variables, on the other hand, counselling theory essay certain things such as attitude to seek help and attachment style Gazzaniga, This has been very useful in counseling. Stigma from mental illness motivates people to accept the fact that they have problems and make them seek help.
This is also related to public stigma. Attachment style, on the other hand, can be viewed in different ways. Those clients with avoidant styles are known counselling theory essay think that counseling will give them minimal benefit and thus are less likely to seek help Gazzaniga, However, securely attached ones react differently. They perceive counseling to be greatly beneficial. These kinds of individuals seek such professional help. Anxious attachment is said to perceive a lot of importance as well as risks to counseling, thus, counselling theory essay, providing education about expectations of counseling can change clients attitude tremendously. Counseling relationship counselling theory essay referred in counseling psychology refers to the feeling in which a client and a therapist have towards each other and the way which they are expressed in.
This kind of relationship may fall in three categories: counter transference, counselling theory essay, working alliance and personal relationship. Secure base hypothesis is a theory concerning the function of counseling and is normally related to attachment theory; this enables the client to have a reference point. The counseling psychologists use different approaches. They incorporate things such as cultural variables in the counseling practices. They relate such aspects with the processes and results arrived at during counseling. Recent studies show that black clients are at risk of racial discrimination from white counselors. Thus, it is advised that counselors get help and expertise for working with clients of different race, gender, and other oppressed populations Gazzaniga, counselling theory essay, Counseling outcomes normally looks at different symptoms such as the specific disorders and behavior changes.
Positive outcomes like quality of life form a basis of life-satisfaction measure report. According to Gazzaniga, research has shown that the counseling process and outcome use various research methods to answer different counseling questions There are various quantitative methods used. One of them includes the conducting of correlation studies. This is applied in the counseling course and during clinical trials. They also apply during the actual process of counseling and the studies on the processes in counseling and the outcomes. On the other hand, qualitative methods involve conducting, translating, and coding therapy sessions.
It, thus, counselling theory essay, can relate to different kind of setting in a population like community mental health setting and in-patient clients on drug abuse. In community mental health setting, counselling theory essay, there are different individuals that suffer from all sorts of mental breakdown illnesses. Counseling helps in making them understand the core reason behind their mental breakdown counselling theory essay possibly help them deal with the fears that relate to it, the end results normally depends on the attitude of patients and their response to therapy during these counseling sessions.
Different setting, thus, has different counseling approach and depends also on the technicality of the given situation, client variables normally helps counselling theory essay lot during some session. It is important to note, therefore, that counseling can only work where a client is willing to participate, normally psychology can be used to gain this will. Counseling counselling theory essay essence is the profession that is highly dependent on the need of clients, and their personality. In other occasions, counselling theory essay, counselors influence decision making in individuals. This way, counselling theory essay, they influence the kind of decisions the clients make.
Some of their decisions may change their lives completely. Values in counseling introduce us to the various theoretical perspectives of psychology that can be used in counseling. There are various theoretical perspective in psychology and are commonly referred to as paradigms. They include behavioral, biological, cognitive, humanistic, social, Freudian, and developmental, counselling theory essay. Focusing on developmental perspective, its information processing, developmental approaches as a discipline bring us to the approaches that can be applied in counseling. There are three basic approaches currently under debate.
They include information processing, life span development, and developmental approaches. My approach under investigation was based on the concept of irrational beliefs, concepts of feelings and behavior. The counselors may incorporate therapy in the session and combine it with behavior. This way, the councilor personalizes the therapy session. How individual feels and reacts to such feelings is the first step in knowing that something is not right, and that can further lead to reasoning and, thus, the decision that motivates them to seek counseling. Certain feelings like sadness and anxiety results lead to the desire for a response that is characterized in behavior socially or privately George, counselling theory essay, Behavior is normally motivated to result in a change in the human mind.
When ones response is based on false emotions then negative and possibly harmful results will be achieved. Negative behavior may sometime be the reason that individual or groups in a therapy session realize counselling theory essay need for change. The counselor, thus, needs to be prepared to be able to give proper guidance, and be in a position to detect emotions or behavior patterns that exhibit in individuals or a group. This may lead towards finding out what actually the problem is with particular individual or a group, or may enable proper interpretation of events that led to therapy.
When a counselor discovers the behavior in an individual is no longer functioning, it may be a good indicator for assessing the things that the individual now believes in and, thus, counselling theory essay, emotional health can be regained through removing the negative thoughts and distortions and trying to give them emotional and personality balance. Behavioral response as a perspective in counseling can provide a significant impact to the change process of an individual or a group. Normally, clients who decide to go for counseling have different problem they are aware of but need the help of a therapist to be able to identify the core reason as to why they cannot solve it.
Exploring this perspective enhances the buildup of a therapy case before and in the course of counseling. The counselor needs to know and differentiate the kind of feeling that counselling theory essay client shows at the initial stages of counseling, like feelings of resentment and possibly anger may exhibit itself directly with behavior and that this is genuine, counselling theory essay. In later stages of counseling and as the counselor and the client relationship is built up, the counselor may uncover the thought that leads to the disruptive behavior and feelings. This will form the basis of an integrative individual counseling, which shows that individuals are motivated by their thoughts, emotions and behavior.
There are different approaches employed in counseling psychology.
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Research on effectiveness of therapy models has found that following particular models of therapy can be helpful or have a positive impact George, Client variables, on the other hand, include certain things such as attitude to seek help and attachment style Gazzaniga, This has been very useful in counseling. Stigma from mental illness motivates people to accept the fact that they have problems and make them seek help. This is also related to public stigma. Attachment style, on the other hand, can be viewed in different ways. Those clients with avoidant styles are known to think that counseling will give them minimal benefit and thus are less likely to seek help Gazzaniga, However, securely attached ones react differently. They perceive counseling to be greatly beneficial.
These kinds of individuals seek such professional help. Anxious attachment is said to perceive a lot of importance as well as risks to counseling, thus, providing education about expectations of counseling can change clients attitude tremendously. Counseling relationship as referred in counseling psychology refers to the feeling in which a client and a therapist have towards each other and the way which they are expressed in. This kind of relationship may fall in three categories: counter transference, working alliance and personal relationship. Secure base hypothesis is a theory concerning the function of counseling and is normally related to attachment theory; this enables the client to have a reference point. The counseling psychologists use different approaches. They incorporate things such as cultural variables in the counseling practices.
They relate such aspects with the processes and results arrived at during counseling. Recent studies show that black clients are at risk of racial discrimination from white counselors. Thus, it is advised that counselors get help and expertise for working with clients of different race, gender, and other oppressed populations Gazzaniga, Counseling outcomes normally looks at different symptoms such as the specific disorders and behavior changes. Positive outcomes like quality of life form a basis of life-satisfaction measure report. According to Gazzaniga, research has shown that the counseling process and outcome use various research methods to answer different counseling questions There are various quantitative methods used.
One of them includes the conducting of correlation studies. This is applied in the counseling course and during clinical trials. They also apply during the actual process of counseling and the studies on the processes in counseling and the outcomes. On the other hand, qualitative methods involve conducting, translating, and coding therapy sessions. It, thus, can relate to different kind of setting in a population like community mental health setting and in-patient clients on drug abuse. In community mental health setting, there are different individuals that suffer from all sorts of mental breakdown illnesses.
Counseling helps in making them understand the core reason behind their mental breakdown and possibly help them deal with the fears that relate to it, the end results normally depends on the attitude of patients and their response to therapy during these counseling sessions. Different setting, thus, has different counseling approach and depends also on the technicality of the given situation, client variables normally helps a lot during some session. It is important to note, therefore, that counseling can only work where a client is willing to participate, normally psychology can be used to gain this will. Counseling in essence is the profession that is highly dependent on the need of clients, and their personality.
In other occasions, counselors influence decision making in individuals. This way, they influence the kind of decisions the clients make. Some of their decisions may change their lives completely. Values in counseling introduce us to the various theoretical perspectives of psychology that can be used in counseling. There are various theoretical perspective in psychology and are commonly referred to as paradigms. They include behavioral, biological, cognitive, humanistic, social, Freudian, and developmental. Focusing on developmental perspective, its information processing, developmental approaches as a discipline bring us to the approaches that can be applied in counseling. There are three basic approaches currently under debate. They include information processing, life span development, and developmental approaches.
My approach under investigation was based on the concept of irrational beliefs, concepts of feelings and behavior. The counselors may incorporate therapy in the session and combine it with behavior. This way, the councilor personalizes the therapy session. How individual feels and reacts to such feelings is the first step in knowing that something is not right, and that can further lead to reasoning and, thus, the decision that motivates them to seek counseling. Certain feelings like sadness and anxiety results lead to the desire for a response that is characterized in behavior socially or privately George, Behavior is normally motivated to result in a change in the human mind. When ones response is based on false emotions then negative and possibly harmful results will be achieved.
Negative behavior may sometime be the reason that individual or groups in a therapy session realize the need for change. The counselor, thus, needs to be prepared to be able to give proper guidance, and be in a position to detect emotions or behavior patterns that exhibit in individuals or a group. This may lead towards finding out what actually the problem is with particular individual or a group, or may enable proper interpretation of events that led to therapy. When a counselor discovers the behavior in an individual is no longer functioning, it may be a good indicator for assessing the things that the individual now believes in and, thus, emotional health can be regained through removing the negative thoughts and distortions and trying to give them emotional and personality balance.
Behavioral response as a perspective in counseling can provide a significant impact to the change process of an individual or a group. Normally, clients who decide to go for counseling have different problem they are aware of but need the help of a therapist to be able to identify the core reason as to why they cannot solve it. Exploring this perspective enhances the buildup of a therapy case before and in the course of counseling. The counselor needs to know and differentiate the kind of feeling that a client shows at the initial stages of counseling, like feelings of resentment and possibly anger may exhibit itself directly with behavior and that this is genuine.
In later stages of counseling and as the counselor and the client relationship is built up, the counselor may uncover the thought that leads to the disruptive behavior and feelings. This will form the basis of an integrative individual counseling, which shows that individuals are motivated by their thoughts, emotions and behavior. There are different approaches employed in counseling psychology. They differ in terms of therapy and the basic concepts. One of them is the behavioral perspective. This is comparable to the rest but also differs in various aspects. Cognitive and behavioral perspectives do normally produce change in a group or individual in a short period. Theoretical perspectives differ in scope and applicability. Some can be used to solve crime cases as well as real life dilemmas.
There are different theories and approaches that can be integrated together with this perspectives to enhance counselors get a broader view and insight in understanding clients and, thus, create a conducive and harmonious environment for counseling that will enhance the counseling process to achieve results faster and also enable the client realize the effect that counseling had on their life. Counseling as this research has shown is quite a broad and diverse subject; it shares most subject matters especially concerning psychology as a discipline in terms of emotion, behavior, personality, attention and perception.
Counseling normally provides an opportunity for individuals to express themselves where no one seems to agree with what they have to say; this is the basis and direction in which most individuals dysfunctional problems are solved today. Counseling has had tremendous results over the past in solving cases and, as expert, counseling psychology is one of the most effective tools in handling mental break down; the results of its usage in the modern world have become very effective over the years. The study of counseling and in broad terms psychology have also been criticized by different philosophers of science; some saying it is a soft science lacking the real concept and effectiveness like mature science such as physics and chemistry.
Some say that it is not objective. They argue that the phenomenon used by psychologists like personality and emotion cannot be measured directly, and that they are often subjective in nature. The important thing to note is that its usage in real life situation has proven to be very successful. I shall also describe how counseling theory underpins the use of counseling skills in practice. I will then end with my conclusion. Sigmund Freud , is the founder of the psychodynamic approach. According to Jacobs, , p.
Order custom essay What are the Key Elements of Counselling Theory? with free plagiarism report. The psychosexual stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Dr Sidmud Freud saw human behavior as a result of giving and take between three parts of the psyche personality. The three parts are the id which is a pleasure, too much of everything and instance gratification. The superego is the moral part of the psyche; its punitive comes from our parents, teachers, and society. The success of this approach often depends on both the counselor and client and how well they work together. Carl Ranson Rodgers , was the founder of the humanistic approach. Most counseling courses use Rodgers as their bases. The first key element of person-centered counseling is empathy. Empathy means to understand and share the feelings of another.
According to Mearns and Thorne, , p. The second key element of person-centered counseling is congruence. Congruence means to be genuine and transparent for the counselor to be themselves within a counseling relationship without putting upfronts that prevent them from revealing their true self. The third key element of person-centered counseling is unconditional positive regard, including prizes. This means the counselor accepts the clients unconditionally and non-judgementally. Within the framework of the person-centered approach to counseling, the client is given the knowledge of the power and tools they already possess to take responsibility for their own lives and health. Carl Rodgers has taught us that given the right conditions, anyone and everyone is more than capable of fulfilling their true potential, this is called self-actualizing.
Aaron Temkin Beck, M. D present , developed his approach called cognitive therapy in the s. Cognitive-behavioral theory CBT is a kind of psychotherapeutic treatment that enables patients to comprehend the thoughts and feelings that control their behaviors. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is more frequently used to treat an extensive range of disorders such as depression and anxiety. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is widely short-term and concentrates on enabling clients to deal with very particular problems. Often six weeks to six months sessions, of course, depending upon the problem it is pacifically goal-directed and places great weight upon self-help as a long term coping tool that the client can take away with them and successfully use.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy believes that clients can learn the wrong ways of developing and making sense of information during their cognitive development. According to Dryden, , p. It is said that in order for cognitive-behavioral therapy to be effective, the client needs to be ready and willing to devote time and effort to analyze their thoughts and feelings. This treatment is a brief course. Person-centered theory observes that because the clients had not been given the opportunity to experience the right conditions during development to be able to self-actualize, the clients' problem branch from this. The person-centered counselor endeavors to recreate these core conditions within a safe therapeutic relationship.
This type of therapy usually lasts for a few years. It draws attention to the unconscious and seeks to advance the clients conscious power over their lives. The three theories have their differences for instances cognitive-behavioral therapy is a short-term therapy is usually given to clients free on the NHS and is one of the cheapest hence the reason the NHS provide it. Person-centered therapy is in the middle it cost a lot more than cognitive-behavioral therapy and the timescale for the therapy is considerably longer. Psychodynamic therapy takes a number of years and is the most expensive of the three. The backbone of counseling theory is developing a good rapport with your client. Theory gives the counselor the professional framework, guidance and knowledge to be able to enable their clients.
This, in turn, gives the client the reassurance and confidence to build an effective therapeutic relationship working alliance with their counselor. It ensures that a professional framework is in place to enable the client the freedom to explore very traumatic and disturbing experiences ethically and safely. When a counselor has a good understanding of the theory they can better provide the therapy their client deserves. They can understand their clients and their experiences comprehend why a client may behave in a certain way or feel the way they do. Having this knowledge better helps the counselor to know what direction they should take with the material provided by the client.
The task of undergoing counseling training teaches a counselor extensive but vital significant skills for instances by using unconditional positive regard U. R , you are accepting the client for who they are no matter what they may have done or said in their lives. Accepting the client as they are good and bad traits. This is exercised by the counselor to enable the client to establish self-regard, self-worth. Also part of the counselor's framework is it is absolutely compulsory to take their material from their session to their supervisor. The supervisor will enable the counselor to gain a better understanding and knowledge of their sessions and also work through any transference the counselor may be experiencing. Also, the supervisor ensures the counselor is able to counsel as of course, the counselor is human and maybe experiencing difficulties in their personal lives.
The supervisor will ask about the theory used following the questions used at this point the counselor is able to reflect upon their skills and theory. A counselor will be able to understand what they are doing and able to explain their methods if they have a good concept of theory.
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